苏明明、邓云成等：Tourism place making through the bioluminescent “Blue Tears” of Pingtan Islands, China
发布时间：2021-09-22
ABSTRACT: Tourism is often considered as an important way to diversify island economy, reinforce island culture and support island residents. As a dynamic multi-actor process, an island tourism destination is constructed and evolved with different stakeholders interacting and co-creating the setting, values, experiences, meanings and identity of the island. Taking the bioluminescent “Blue tears” of Pingtan Islands, Fujian Province of China, as a focal point, the interactions of local government and tourists and the responses of the tourism sector in co-creating Pingtan as a tourism destination were evaluated. A mixed methods approach was adopted, including assessment of policies and plans to reflect government perspectives, online review analysis to present tourist perspectives, analysis of online news and onsite observations to reflect tourism sector involvement. As an attraction provoking tourists’ imagination and emotions, the “Blue tears” enriched Pingtan as a tourism place. The wide-spread uses of social media in travel information exchange disseminated tourists’ use patterns and preferences and empowered tourists in the tourism place making process of Pingtan. Such market demand not only responded to, but also influenced the official positioning and strategies of the local government and was stimulating the development and involvement of the tourism sector. Theoretical reflections on tourism place making theory and practical implications for Pingtan and other island and coastal destinations are discussed.
KEYWORDS: island tourism, place making, stakeholder, tourist, government, social media
HIHGHLIGHTS
• Interactions of local government, tourists, tourism business are examined in co-creating Pingtan as a tourism destination.
• The decentralization of power with increased bottom-up actor involvement in tourism place making in the era of social media is revealed.
• Understanding of the dynamic interplay of multiple actors in tourism place making process is advanced.
• Practical implications are generated to enhance stakeholder cooperation to support island tourism development.
中文摘要：
海岛作为连接陆地和海洋的支点，是沿海经济的重要立足点和海洋资源开发的重点之一。旅游业通常被认为是岛屿经济多样化、传承岛屿文化和支持岛屿居民发展的重要途径。海岛旅游开发过程中，重视游客的参与在旅游地建设过程中的重要意义，有利于建设出真正满足公众需求和认可的旅游场所。旅游地方营造是一个持续的动态过程，政府、游客和旅游行业等利益相关者共同创造旅游场所的物理环境、情感意义、场所价值和主题形象。本研究以中国福建平潭岛沿岸生物发光的“蓝眼泪”现象为例，探讨了地方政府自上而下和游客自下而上的海岛旅游地方营造过程，探索旅游地营造过程中复杂的利益主体作用机制。论文依托定性和定量结合的方法，从网络旅游评论中分析游客行为、感知和体验；通过对政府网站文件和新闻的收集分析，分析政府对游客行为的响应机制；通过对政府网站和企业网络平台的数据收集，分析旅游行业的发展情况及“蓝眼泪”对其发展的影响作用，进而了解旅游行业的参与机制。研究结果显示“蓝眼泪”作为一个激发想象力和情感的特殊旅游资源，丰富了平潭作为旅游目的地的意义、内涵和旅游体验。社交媒体在旅游信息交流中的广泛应用，传播了旅游者的使用模式和偏好，增强了旅游者对平潭的情感及意义的营造过程。这种市场需求进而影响了当地政府对平谭海岛旅游发展的官方定位和战略，也促进了旅游行业的发展和参与。研究显示游客、政府和旅游行业在平潭旅游地方营造过程中扮演不同的角色，共同营造了旅游地的环境、价值、主题形象及情感意义，形成了多主体共创的旅游地方营造格局。在此基础上，本文针对以上结论从民宿多层次发展、景区安全管理、文创商品开发和品牌构建等方面提出建议，以期促进以平潭为案例的海岛旅游业的可持续发展。
关键词: 海岛旅游，地方营造，利益主体，政府，旅游者，社交媒体
原载于Marine Policy（SSCI，Q1, IF=4.173，中国人民大学A刊）
原文链接： https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1deqX,714MjL8d